18.2 非限制性同位语
1）非限制性同位语与其所修饰的成分用逗号, 破折号或冒号隔开。
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。
Canberra, the capital city of Australia, is located between Sydney and Melbourne.
堪培拉是澳大利亚的首都，它位于悉尼和墨尔本之间。
The train finally arrived and two young men — one big and broad，the other small and slight — stepped onto the platform．
火车终于到站，两位年轻人 —— 一位大个儿，体格魁梧；另一位，小个儿，长相瘦弱 —— 踏上了月台。
They have everything they need: land, brains, wealth and technology.
他们有他们需要的一切：土地，人才，财富和枝术。
2）非限制性同位语可有引导词 for example, especially, including 等。
He is interested in sports, especially ball games. 他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动。
Some students, for example, John, live in the city. 有些学生，例如约翰吧，就住在城里。
Only one boy, namely Nicholas, was late. 只有一个男孩迟到了，就是尼古拉斯。
She liked all her classes, particularly sewing class. 她喜欢各门课程， 特别是缝纫课。
More than 20 people were killed, including five policemen. 超过20人丧生，其中包括5名警察。
Some boys， such as Tom and Mike， like to play football.
有些男孩，例如汤姆和迈克，喜欢踢足球。
3）非限制性同位语有时也可用形容词充当。
All the countries，big or small，are equal. 所有的国家，不分大小, 都是平等的。
He has read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他看了各种和样的书，古今中外都有。
4）同位语可以提前， 特别是主语比较短时，用于突出同位语。
A person of French origin，he is now an American citizen．
他的籍贯在法国，但他现在是美国公民。
Formerly a worker himself, he is now an engineer. 他过去是工人，现在是一名工程师了。
